Olympic champion Julien Alfred of Saint Lucia finished second in 10.74. Fellow American Sha’Carri Richardson took bronze in 10.76.
Jefferson-Wooden’s time was the fastest in the world this season and delivered the United States another title at the Gyula Zsivótzky National Athletics Centre.
The sprint final followed earlier Ultimate golds for Audrey Werro (women’s 800m, 1:55.88) and Klaudia Kazimierska (women’s 1,500m, 3:57.55). Mondo Duplantis and Jakob Ingebrigtsen had already won on the opening night.
Alfred, the Olympic champion, could not match Jefferson-Wooden’s start and top-end speed. Richardson, also of the United States, was two hundredths behind Alfred.
The three-day World Athletics Ultimate Championship, which carries a $10 million prize pool across 28 events, continues in Budapest through Sunday.