Buffalo improved its record to 7-1 after a disciplined performance at U.S. Bank Stadium, matching its best start to an eight-game season since 1993.
Running back James Cook was instrumental in the victory, recording 107 rushing yards and a touchdown from 31 carries, while quarterback Josh Allen contributed 234 passing yards and a touchdown.
Bills find a way past Vikings defence
Minnesota's defence made life difficult for Allen during the opening stages, applying relentless pressure and recording four sacks.
The Vikings also intercepted Allen once, limiting Buffalo's attacking threat for much of the first half.
However, the Bills eventually found a breakthrough when Allen connected with tight end Keleki Latu for a 25-yard touchdown just before half-time.
The score gave Buffalo a 10-6 advantage at the interval after Minnesota had managed two field goals.
Cook and Bills defence seal victory
Buffalo extended its lead with a field goal in the third quarter before Cook scored a rushing touchdown in the fourth to put the visitors firmly in control.
Kicker Tyler Bass added another field goal to complete the scoring at 23-6.
The Bills' defence also played a decisive role, intercepting Minnesota quarterback Carson Wentz twice through linebackers Dorian Williams and Terrel Bernard.
Wentz endured a difficult evening, completing just eight of 25 passes for 81 yards before being replaced by backup Max Brosmer late in the fourth quarter.
Minnesota's offence struggled throughout the contest, managing only nine first downs and failing to convert any of its eight third-down attempts.
Contrasting fortunes for both teams
The victory lifted Buffalo to 7-1, strengthening its position among the leading teams in the AFC.
For Minnesota, the defeat marked a second consecutive loss after opening the campaign with six straight victories. The Vikings dropped to 6-2 and will need a response when they face the Green Bay Packers in their next fixture.
Full-time: Minnesota Vikings 6-23 Buffalo Bills
Venue: U.S. Bank Stadium, Minneapolis
Competition: National Football League (NFL), 2026 regular season.